Extra footage

this is a screen grab from premier pro where i edited my film showing the different folders i have made to keep all my different shots organised so that i know where everything is and if another editor was to come and continue editing they would know where every shot goes. i have all the days which are also the different scenes- day1,2,3,4 and the music.






this is a screen grab of how i was able to put all the different days in the corner of the screen so that the viewer is informed of the change in days this gives it a great effect

Single camera techniques that i have used in my footage

Single Camera Technique	Where have I shown this?
Framing & Composition
Variety of shot sizes	throughout my short film i have used a range of different shot sizes for example i used a close up shot of Joeys face when looking at the bus stop timetable, a long shot when Amelia is walking towards joey at the bus stop and also a medium shot of joey looking at his phone.
Head Room	in the short film i created head room was not used as well i we could have so i produced another piece where i showed that i was able to do this as well as many other shots that where not shown to my best ability in the short film. head room is show where the girl is sat in the coffee show and looks right and left with a certain amount of space left above her head.
Looking Room	i showed this i my extra footage. i showed this when the girl is looking out of frame at the poster she is not in the centre of frame but more to the right giving enough space for her to look out of frame at the poster which out of frame to the left
Rule of Thirds	this is shown in my main footage of bus stop love where the main character is sitting at the bus stop and it is resented in a close up. rule of thirds is a grid which is shown on the frame to make sure all facial features are alined in the same boxes this is to make sure the close up is straight and perfect
Use of perspective	this is shown in many instances in my main footage for example when the girl is walking past on day 3 and the boy smiles it shows his point of view of her walking past and her point of view of him smiling at her.
Blocking	blocking was used in my main footage and is a technique where the actor is showing an emotion or event through acting and not through the use of camera effects or movement. we used this when the girl walks past joey and we are shown his reaction to her this informs the viewer of his attraction towards her and his interest he has for the female.
Eye line match	i have used eye line match twice in my main footage firstly when the boy looks at the bus time table and then the camera cuts from his face to the screen and then back to his face where we see his reaction this is shown on day one, as well as this he is filmed looking at his phone on day 2 and this is also a eye line match as we show him take out his phone and look at it and then cut to a shot of his phone and then back to his face showing his reaction. i also showed this technique in my extra footage when the girl looks down and then i showed a shot of the phone that she is looking at.
High/ Low / Dutch Angle	i used a high angle dutch tilt in my extra filming when the girl looks at the poster and it follows the actions she made when looking at the tree looking left then right to imitate this when filming i filmed moving the camera in horizontal sides left and right giving the dutch tilt effect.
Focus
Manual Focus	Manual focus was used throughout my main footage so that all scenes are clear and everything is visible to the viewer with no unnecessary blurriness
Focus Pull	i used this in my extra footage when i filmed the street name and filmed it blurry and out of focus and the pulled it into focus making it clear for the viewer and bringing all the details into perspective.
Manipulate Depth of Field	i also used this in my extra footage when i filmed the two coffee cups having the one in front in focus first and the one in the back blurry and the swap.
Movement
Smooth Panning / Tilting	i used this in my main footage where the camera is focussing on the leaving bus and then pans to joey sitting at the bus stop as well as this i also used it in my extra footage where the girl walks past and the pan follows her down the street.
Tracking In/Out (Hand Held)	i used this in my main footage when the key character is walking down the road and the camera follows him from a side view ad well as in my extra footage where i did a complex shot and also used a track as i followed her walking down the road from a side profile view.
Complex Shot	i used this in my extra footage this is a technique in which involves using more then one technique to form a shot i used a tracking shot following the girl walking and then a pan to get to a from medium close up of her face.
Coverage
Shot/Reverse Shot	i showed this in my extra footage where i had two people talk to each other and there went from one over the shoulder shot to another and then switch again
30 Degree Rule	i showed this throughout my short film as joey is shown sat in the same bus stop for each day and for example on days1 and 3 he is filmed from the same spot.
Cut In / Cutaway	i shoed this in my extra footage for example when a character is sitting in a coffee shot and there is a shot of her and then the camera cuts to a shot of the coffee cups this is an image that is related to  the events in he film and gives the viewer more detail
Multiple Takes / Continuity of Action	this was used several times in my short film footage for example when there is a shot of the boy opening his bag and then a close up of him still opening his bag in the same position fitting in with the last shot as well as when he is smoking a cigarette and the shown in another shot still holding the cigarette in the same hand.
Lighting & Colour
Use of Artificial Lighting	i used this in my class room in the extra footage where i had a friend stand in front of two lights a key light and a fill light this keeps any shadows appearing on the persons face
Key/Fill/Backlight	i used a key light so that there would be no shadow of the girls face and all the features are clear. without this there will be harsh shadows although this may be suitable for some filming depending on what its for.
Use of Natural Light	natural light was used throughout the filming of my short film as it was filmed outside we chose to film in the day so that we would get as much light as possible to light up the actors faces
White Balance	we used this before filming by putting a white sheet of paper in front of the camera this helps the camera understand the colour white and improves filming.
Tinting	i also had this in my extra footage i had one light with a red lint and the key light with a blue tint this gives a very strong effect.
Sound
Use of Wild Track	we used this in our main filming before we started filming similarly to white balance but for sound, we filmed the background noise for a few seconds so that there wouldn't be any disruptions  during filming although we didn't need this as we decided on using a soundtrack to fit our short film
Non-diagetic sound	in pour main footage we used non-diagetic sound throughout the whole short film as we chose a non copyright song to use on a free music website which makes music for productions like ours. this sets the tone for our film
Recording Dialogue	i used a sound boom in my extra footage to pick up any extra dialogue from the characters for example when the characters are talking to each other at the ed of my footage as well as her reaction to the poster
ADR	i used ADR in my extra footage i presented this when one of the characters were talking by re recording her dialogue this makes the her dialogue much clearer and i was able to do this using a programme called logic pro

Task two- Plan your short film

My group has been building a diary for the planning of our short film in this we have looked at all the different aspects needed to consider before starting filming for example finance, preparing a budget,personnel available, contacting personnel, looking at recourses available to us,  booking schedules, looking into health and safety regulations as well as legal implications and looking at what can come as risks to our project.

Finance 

Location: we made the decision to make the key location for our short film will be a bus stop down the road from our school all scenes will be filmed here and there will be no change of location. because the bus stop is down the road from our school it means that no budget will be needed for travel as we are able to just walk there from the main college building. our group can also take a bus if preferred as we are 16 and still have no fee to pay when traveling on busses. 

Lunch: around the filming location there are several cafes and stores that offer food around and this will be payed by each group member individually so this will not effect the budget. 

Actors:  as we have been put into small groups from our class to make our short films we must use people from the group to star and perform as extras in the short film. this means we will not need to pay then for actin g in the film as they are apart of the group and this will be the role they play in making the short film. we will also make sure the public around us is very aware that the filming is happening by making signs this will prevent any complaints or people being filmed without their permission. 

Props and wardrobe: the props that will be used in the film for example headphones, phone and school bag are owned by members of the group this means no budget will need to be spent for this as no props will need ti be brought just for the film. costumes are also owned by different members of the group and if there is any problems with finding a costume needed we are able to borrow from the drama department as they are happy to help and this will not cost anything. 

and final this shows that a side from the money being spent for lunch which will come out of the group members pockets no other money will be spent in the making of the short film.

Personnel needed and available 

Crew:  a crew is vital to make a film that is of a high quality with no complications and for our short film we have decided we will need a;

• Producer (Meltem)
• Director (Amelia) 
• Wardrobe and makeup artist (Doriana) 
• Editor (Joey)

as we are doing a school project and are in a small group a large crew will not be formed instead members of the group will take several different roles. the only complication for this will be that if some one is absent during a period of filming time then the role will be left and filming may not be able to proceed and this will result to less time to make the short film. because we are a small group roles like casting director, location manager and other key roles will be taken up by the whole group by having discussions and sharing ideas and together we will find a location and choose a star and extras to perform in the short film. 

Cast 

the cast is another personnel that is very important in the production in film in most cases although this depends on how the script is written. for our short film  we decided on having 

• (Boy) main character 
• (Girl) love interest 
• (Girl) love interests partner 

these roles will be played by people in the group although a complication with this is if one of the members of our group playing one of the characters is not present filming will not be able to take place and this will result to losing filming time

Recourses needed and available  
When make a film having facilities for filming is vital. Some of the facilities available are set staging, recording booths and camera lighting. our group decided to film the whole of our short film at a bus stop down the road from our college, as it was for educational purposes we did not need to pay to use the location for filming. although if we were going to be using another location and needed to get permission before filming then film makers would have to look into getting a budget for this and finding where they could get the warrant. http://www.totalfilm.com/features/25-london-movie-locations on this website you are shown 25 different movie locations and this could come in helpful when deciding where you would like your film to be set as you can compare it to films already filmed. there are several other websites that offer different types of sets available like halls, apartments and many more places for  filming to take place. 

as we are filming for educational purposes we have a range of resources available like cameras which is a Canon (Eos 600D), artificial lighting, sound booths and other equipment that would come in useful when filming our short film as a result of this we will not need to hire any equipment for the filming of our project and so will not spend any money on this. a downside to this is as there is a limited amount of cameras available to the media department so we must make must share with others also doing the course this could mean not being able to film at all times.

Preparing budget 
we came together and thought out the budget for whole the process of filming, we found that we would not have to spend any money on the actual filming process the only aspect that would cost money would be food for the group and we decided this wold come out of all the group members pockets so there is no need for a budget for this. equipment will also be free and so we wont beed to pay for the time that we use it apart from if there is any damage made in which case we will then need to pay for this. the location was also free of charge as well as the actors, post and pre production crew as they are apart of the group.

Contact personnel 
fot this media project we were told to get into small groups, in the procedure of filming everyone must rely on each other and if someone is absent it could slow down filming or even stop it all together as you cant film if you don't have the main characters present for example. if this problem does occur then members of the group can call the absent person and find out if they are able to come if they don't have their number then they can also ask the teacher to give it as they have a list of all the students numbers and the school phone is available if students don't have a phone to use.

Book resources 
As this is a school project we do not need to book any equipment like cameras and lights although when we want to film outside of lesson time we must make sure the cameras are free by asking our media teacher and make sure the cameras are not needed by anyone else and schedule them for a good time when members of the time are free to film as well.

Preparing a schedule 
As we all attend college we have different lessons and free periods at different times so the only time we have film is during our media lessons, in our common free periods and after school although it is hard to get all people to agree to give up their free time and so we decided it would be easiest to film all the scenes that we needed during each media class as we are all in the same place and this avoids having anyone missing that could slow down filming. and so we made a schedule this made sure that everyone know when they needed to come in ad everyday was organised so we know how much we would need to be done by the end of each day of filming. we made the decision to film day 1 which was also scene 1 on the first day at 9:30 and so on for the next 4 days as one day was shorter we fit two days into one day of filming all together we would finished on the 22nd and this was the day that we planned to have completed all filming.

Identify health and safety implications
when we decided on our location we then had to make health and safety checks to make sure that it would be a safe environment to film and there would be no injures caused and there are no hazards and implications that could effect filming. the things that we found could implications when filming like impact with a vehicle, cold environment, assault by a member of the public or group and litter. when looking into our bus stop where we planned to film the short film we thought about vehicle impact as the bus stop is on a busty road but as we are filming on the sidewalk this would not be a big issue, for the cold environment members of the group all have to wear suitable clothing so that it does not effect them, and all the other issues that were looked at were found to not be such a great issue.

Identify legal implications 
After filming we then had to choose a soundtrack to fit in with the theme of the film and the storyline. I looked into different websites which offered music free of copyright as if i was to use a song by an artist and didn't have permission i would not be able to show tis film as that would be breaking a copyright law and could lead to a fine. i chose to use a song rome a copyright free website and i believe it sets the tone of the film.

Identify risk to project
i have looked at all the different issues that could occur that would mean that we would not be able to film or produce our short film firstly the weather could be very bad and this would mean that we would not be able to film for example if its extremely raining too much as this could then mean breaking health and safety rules and result to people getting hurt as well as if it is too foggy and then the scene is not clear to the viewer and they action that happens on screen. another issue could be that if one of the group members is absent for a media class then we will have to stop filming for that day and this will then result into losing filming time as well as if there are no cameras available when we are filming as they are all in use this will then set us back, if the story line is too ambitious to film and we are unable to present it in a way that makes sense to an audience and also if any of the equipment that we use gets broken or ruined there are many more aspects that would also effect filming and these are diverted by thinking worst situations through and finding an answer for everything before the day of filming

Assignment 2

Finance 

To make a short film, filmmakers must first find a way of financing all the costly aspects of producing a film, this can be a hard procedure as i have come to find it is much more difficult to get financing for a short film then it is for a normal length film and this may discourage some potential film makers in the start of their possible career.

The BFI make funding possible for capable emerging film makers to create ''distinctive and entertaining work'' they are given £18,000,000 per year to invest in their production, this however is not accessible for short films.

Microwave is an organisation that gives funding for short films and is in partnership with BBC films as well as the u.k film council they have helped a large group of new emerging film makers to begin their career and as a result have helped produced some great short films. different to these more traditional ways of finding funding for films.

Filmmakers can also use Kickstarter a website in which you are able to raise money from the public and this results into not only getting to produce your film but also helps you build an audience of people interested in watching your work in the process, although this could be a great way of making money for your short film.

Without having to get funding from an organisation it can be a very difficult task to get people to part with their money and can also take a large amount of time that you may not have, this is much more of a waiting game and can result to a loss of a lot of valuable time so this can be seen as a back up for some film makers. after the source of finance is found it will be used on all the different aspects of producing the film for example the equipment, the cameras, microphones anything needed to record the film to the best quality, the transport need to get all the equipment and actors to the set where ever it is, talent must be payed for the work they do on your film and this must be thought out so no one is teat un equally crew must also get a sum for the work that they do on set, as well as these simple aspects of spending money film makers must also find and plan a place to record the film with permission and this will also cost a large amount of the of the funds they have and of course any other extra things needed will be payed for from this so film makers must be able to have a set plan on where all the money is going as it can be easily lost track of resulting to un unfinished piece of film.

Time 

when working on a film all must be in sync for example availability of equipment and talent and also cast must all fit in and be pre preplaned so that on the day of filming all are available and there are no people missing that could slow down production this is a very hard task to achieved and takes a large amount of time, planing and patience to make sure all crew, talent and equipment is available at the same timing so that on the day of filming things are able to run smooth.

Deadlines are made to make sure that time is not wasted and all is finished for example kickstarter have a three month deadline and after this you are not able to make anymore money so you must use the time that you have wisely to achieve the highest amount of money to be able to make a good film from start to finish. Deadlines are also used after finding the finance needed and this is so that the film can be finished at the right time to present to the editor which may be booked for an exact time and this must fit in perfectly with the time of finishing the film

Personnel 

Finding the correct talent is a difficult task but is also one of the key decisions made and can effect a film a huge amount if the wrong decision is made. All parts must be given to fitting actors who are able to play the role in a believable manner so that when the film is viewed by the audience they are made to feel as thought they are witnessing actual events rather than people acting, it must be flawless and this is only done by finding talent that fits with each role. after the cast is chosen there is ten a huge amount of planning involved so that all actors are present on set when needed at the same time as the crew an there are no points in filming where people are missing 

When finding members for the crew that will be the play the biggest role in making sure everything runs well many CVs will be looked at to make sure that who is chosen is best for the film and will work best with the film maker so that the end result is exactly what was envisioned in the planning of the film this can only be done if the crew is fitting to the style of film being made for example they have experience in the genre or have helped produce films with the film maker in the past and are aware of their style of work they would like to achieve. 

Some of the key roles on a film set that are needed to produce a film are as follows, Producer plays one of the largest parts on and of the set of a film they make sure everything is planned and all is able to run smoothly on the day of filming as well as finding funding and hiring key personnel for the film, production manager plays the role of making sure the film stays organised, on schedule and within budget. One of the largest roles of the preproduction parts of a film is the screenwriter, who produces the finished script, which may come from an idea that has already been thought of by a producer or it may be their idea that they will then pitch to possible producers they could work with. towards the end of the preproduction the role of the casting director comes in and they are simply there as experienced individuals who have an eye for choosing the correct talent for each role 

Facilities 

To be able to produce a good quality filmmakers must have the correct high quality equipment needed to be taken seriously by others in the business and i have found that this can be very highly priced which can be very difficult for emerging film makers that may not have a huge amount of funding. Although equipment is usually hired by filmmakers there are also other manners for example if you are a film student at the university of Westminster they offer all equipment and facilities need to be able to produce a great final result including cameras, lighting, sound recorders and mixers, radio studios, video formats and all facilities an emerging filmmaker would need.

Post-production is a a very significant part of making the film and without it the film would not be of a great quality if not even possible, it is the process after the filming of the film is finished where it is all put together to form the film so that it makes sense and is smooth to watch this includes editing, sound editing, animation and visual effects insertions. for the editing process there are a range of different options a filmmaker can edit at home as there is a collection of different softwares available some young filmmakers may prefer this as they are able to achieve exactly what they wanted and it is also less costly then hiring an editor and a facility to perform the editing process. if the choice is made to hire an editor as this would be much easier and conventional as this is what they specialise in a facility will be needed, in some cases the editor will have a relationship with a facilities house in this case editing may be able to take place here in evenings but if this is not the case then you will have to find a facilities house to hire  although this can be very costly. 

Materials 

A range of different materials are used in making a short film these all help in projecting a certain feel to the film that would not be as easily  produced without the materials for example makeup, costume, soundtrack and props they all work together in the film to build a scene that the audience can relate to and feel apart of. here are some films and how they use materials in production 

the film 'Mean girls' has a range of different songs played throughout and all this material for the soundtrack has been licensed as this means they have full permission from the artist to use their work in their film this must be done for any film as it is a copyright law. the playlist in this film is used to set the tone of the film and build up the atmosphere needed for the film and also certain scenes. an example of a song used in the film is 'Built This Way' this is under licence from Universal Music Enterprises and this is where the producers have got the permission to use the music and paid for it so that they could use it in their production. 

Another example where materials have been used in film is make up a great classic example being Frankenstein produced in 1931 the film is a great example of makeup being used in cinema a build the story the key character frankenstein has bolts going through his neck as well as fake stitches and a corpse complexion without realistic makeup the film would be brought down as it would not be very believable ti the audience and this is key in making a successful film 

Contributors 

for the production of a short film there are a range of things that contribute for example the support of specialists and experts and also things like advertisement and public notice they are all key contributors in helping finance the film and getting the public to know about it as well as help building an audience. building excitement for the film can be very positive for the film as it helps it get out so that all the target audience is aware about it. a way in which we can do advertisement is by using kickstarter  this is a new way of advertising a new film as well as getting funding to produce the film. through this films can build an audience as it gets it out to different members of the public that will be interested in it. 

Locations 

there are two key types of locations for filming firstly, location shooting which is the practice of filming the film in the actual setting, filmmakers usually prefer to choose to film on location as it makes the film more realistic as it is in the actual setting and also makes the final product look much more professional. some filmmakers however may chose to film exterior scenes on location and then interior scenes on a sound stage. although another plus to this is that it is cheaper a down side is that you have no control over the environment for example lighting, weather, pedestrians, traffic and city regulations  may be just some problems that could come up. 

Codes of practice and regulation 

there are many aspects to think about when making a short film when it comes to codes and regulations. most short films use music for their soundtrack throughout the film to set the tone of the film for the audience. when using a song in a film the film makers must first get permission from the artist and a payment is also usually made so that the producers are able to use the song in their film. if there is no permission from the artist and the song is used this will then be seen as a copyright and the film will not be shown and the artist that material has been used will end up suing the film maker a similar rule applies to locations if you do not have permission to film in a location and you are caught doing so by the police as you can not show a permit you will be asked to pack up your things and leave as well as receiving a very expensive fine. thirdly health and safety is key when making a film and all things must be considered before starting the filming procedure so that no one involved in the filming and on location is injured, because if this isn't done and a member of the crew or cast is injured and try to get compensation this could then lead to a fine for not having the right health and safety precautions and these payments will have to come out of the film makers money.                                                                                                                                          

Final edit of Bus stop love

final edit of my short film called the bus stop love
Run through of the short film

Assignment 1C

Disney buys Marvel